Gap-directed chemical lift-off lithographic nanoarchitectonics for arbitrary sub-micrometer patterning

• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hong-Sheng Chan,
• Chia-Li Liao,
• Che-Wei Chang and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 34–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.4

• lithography operations and could severely limit the obtainable feature resolution if neglected. Chemical lift-off lithography (CLL) is a rapidly emerging subtractive lithographic technique that aims to overcome the lateral diffusion and gas phase transfer obstacles present in conventional soft lithography [17

Efficient liquid exfoliation of KP₁₅ nanowires aided by Hansen's empirical theory

• Zhaoxuan Huang,
• Zhikang Jiang,
• Nan Tian,
• Disheng Yao,
• Fei Long,
• Yanhan Yang and
• Danmin Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 788–795, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.69

• bulks The KP15 bulks were prepared by the gas-phase transfer method. High-purity red phosphorus (1.370 g, 99.9999%) and metallic potassium (0.130 g, 97%) were mixed in a quartz tube. The temperature gradient in the quartz tube was 650 °C/400 °C and the heat treatment time was 12 h. After annealed, dark

• control the temperature. To prevent sample drift, SiO2 (300 nm)/Si substrates with tested KP15 samples were attached by fixtures to the Linkam THMS600 cryostat. Results and Discussion KP15 bulks, prepared by the gas-phase-transfer method, had a flat and smooth surface shown in Figure 1a. The X-ray

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• ZS (Malvern Instruments, 69 UK) and the uniform size distribution by gel electrophoresis (GE BIORAD). Drug attachment and drug release analyses were performed by using UV–vis spectroscopy (Thermo Scientific Evo 220). Phase transfer, polymer coating, and purification of MFe2O4 (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Zn) NPs

Facile phase transfer of gold nanorods and nanospheres stabilized with block copolymers

• Yaroslav I. Derikov,
• Georgiy A. Shandryuk,
• Raisa V. Talroze,
• Alexander A. Ezhov and
• Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 616–627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.58

• the use of strong thiol and amine surfactants. Keywords: Au nanorods; block copolymers; optical absorbance spectroscopy; phase transfer; seeded growth method; Introduction The size effects that determine the functional characteristics of nanoparticles are no less important than their precise

• organophilization before introducing them into a polymer matrix, except for when the host polymer is hydrophilic. The so-called phase transfer from polar to non-polar media can be carried out in a number of ways [17]. A typical procedure includes intensive mixing of a hydrosol of citrate-stabilized Au nanospheres

• in non-polar media. In some cases, for instance, when an organic solvent is poorly miscible with water, more complex schemes involving phase transfer catalysts [20], electrostatics [21][22] or sonication [23] are implemented. Large (>10 nm) nanoparticles are prone to aggregation in organic solvents

Electron interactions with the heteronuclear carbonyl precursor H₂FeRu₃(CO)₁₃ and comparison with HFeCo₃(CO)₁₂: from fundamental gas phase and surface science studies to focused electron beam induced deposition

• Ragesh Kumar T P,
• Paul Weirich,
• Lukas Hrachowina,
• Marc Hanefeld,
• Ragnar Bjornsson,
• Helgi Rafn Hrodmarsson,
• Sven Barth,
• D. Howard Fairbrother,
• Michael Huth and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 555–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.53

Thermo- and electro-optical properties of photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles

• Agata Siarkowska,
• Miłosz Chychłowski,
• Daniel Budaszewski,
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Tomasz R. Woliński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2790–2801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.278

• molecules, which induced a phase transfer of the Au NPs from water to chloroform. The LC–Au NP composites with various Au NP concentrations (0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1 wt %) were fabricated by mixing the suspension of Au NPs in chloroform with a liquid crystal material and slowly evaporating the solvent. Nematic

Recombinant DNA technology and click chemistry: a powerful combination for generating a hybrid elastin-like-statherin hydrogel to control calcium phosphate mineralization

• Mohamed Hamed Misbah,
• Mercedes Santos,
• Luis Quintanilla,
• Christina Günter,
• Matilde Alonso,
• Andreas Taubert and
• José Carlos Rodríguez-Cabello

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 772–783, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.80

• phase-transfer agent to transfer TA from CH2Cl2 to the aqueous phase. The freshly prepared TA solution was added dropwise to the mixture at 4 °C. The azide exchange reaction was performed overnight under an inert atmosphere at room temperature. The organic solvents were subsequently removed under

Methods for preparing polymer-decorated single exchange-biased magnetic nanoparticles for application in flexible polymer-based films

• Laurence Ourry,
• Delphine Toulemon,
• Souad Ammar and
• Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 408–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.43

• opening the system to the atmosphere. The resulting hybrids were referred to as ENP-PS-h, where h corresponds to the polymerization time in hours. PMMA chain growth (two-step ATRP initiator grafting, ligand exchange by phase transfer) was accomplished using 150 mg of ENPs, dispersed in 45 mL of diethylene

Antitumor magnetic hyperthermia induced by RGD-functionalized Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, in an experimental model of colorectal liver metastases

• Oihane K. Arriortua,
• Eneko Garaio,
• Borja Herrero de la Parte,
• Maite Insausti,
• Luis Lezama,
• Fernando Plazaola,
• Jose Angel García,
• Jesús M. Aizpurua,
• Maialen Sagartzazu,
• Mireia Irazola,
• Nestor Etxebarria,
• Ignacio García-Alonso,
• Alberto Saiz-López and
• José Javier Echevarria-Uraga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1532–1542, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.147

• The particle surface was modified with poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene (PMAO) [54][55]. The phase transfer was made by mixing 20 mg Fe3O4 nanocrystals and 400 mg PMAO in 200 mL chloroform and sonicated at room temperature (1 h). After removing the chloroform, the nanoparticles were resuspended

The influence of phthalocyanine aggregation in complexes with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots on the photophysical properties of the complexes

• Irina V. Martynenko,
• Anna O. Orlova,
• Vladimir G. Maslov,
• Anatoly V. Fedorov,
• Kevin Berwick and
• Alexander V. Baranov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.94

• oxide (TOPO) and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanethiol (DMAET) were purchased from Aldrich. Quantum dot synthesis CdSe/ZnS quantum dots with 5 nm cores were synthesized using methods previously described in [44] In order to make the QDs water soluble, we applied a standard phase transfer procedure to the QDs

Tailoring the ligand shell for the control of cellular uptake and optical properties of nanocrystals

• Johannes Ostermann,
• Christian Schmidtke,
• Christopher Wolter,
• Jan-Philip Merkl,
• Hauke Kloust and
• Horst Weller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 232–242, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.22

• application are addressed. It is shown how to overcome the different issues by the use of a polymeric encapsulation system, based on an amphiphilic polyisoprene-block-poly(ethylene glycol) diblock copolymer. On the basis of this simple molecule, the development of a versatile and powerful phase transfer

• functionality is desirable to study even these properties in the interaction between nanoparticles and biological material. Furthermore, the extraordinary properties of the nanoparticles should be retained during the phase transfer. Many different approaches for the phase transfer of hydrophobic nanoparticles

• have been described and analyzed concerning their behavior in biological media. Several excellent reviews of these methods can be found in the literature, very prominent and recent ones can be found in [2][3]. The here summarized phase transfer approach is based on amphiphilic diblock copolymers and

Synthesis of radioactively labelled CdSe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots for in vivo experiments

• Gordon M. Stachowski,
• Christoph Bauer,
• Christian Waurisch,
• Denise Bargheer,
• Peter Nielsen,
• Jörg Heeren,
• Stephen G. Hickey and
• Alexander Eychmüller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2383–2387, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.247

• phase transfer of the QDs. Keywords: biomarker; CdSe/CdS/ZnS; quantum dots; radioactive labelling; 65Zn; Introduction Two decades of research and investigation in the field of luminescent semiconductor nanoparticles, also known as quantum dots (QDs), have now passed since the fundamental work of

• application of co-labelled QDs in in vivo experiments demands 1 µCi per mouse. Phase transfer The synthesis of CdSe/CdS/65ZnS/ZnS QDs was carried out in organic media. However, to extend their potential range of application, the nanoparticles should be dispersible in biologically compatible, aqueous media

• . Therefore, an encapsulation and phase transfer method described by Shtykova et al. was used to introduce the QDs, stabilized by nonpolar ligands, into an amphiphilic polymer [14]. Under UV illumination, similar emission colours for both, the hydrophilic, encapsulated and the hydrophobic QDs were detected

Data-adaptive image-denoising for detecting and quantifying nanoparticle entry in mucosal tissues through intravital 2-photon microscopy

• Torsten Bölke,
• Lisa Krapf,
• Regina Orzekowsky-Schroeder,
• Tobias Vossmeyer,
• Jelena Dimitrijevic,
• Horst Weller,
• Anna Schüth,
• Antje Klinger,
• Gereon Hüttmann and
• Andreas Gebert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2016–2025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.210

• by encapsulation within amphiphilic shells of crosslinked poly(isoprene)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PI-b-PEG), following a procedure described in detail previously [25][26][27]. The outer PEG-blocks were exo-functionalized with carboxy groups. After phase transfer, the PI-b-PEG-encapsulated QDs had